The intestines of an adult host a large number of different bacterial species. These are mainly present in the lower part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and form a symbiotic relationship with their human home. Several current studies describe the way the gut microbiota communicates with the skin as one of the main regulators of the gut-skin axis. The main focus of this research is to explore its potential influence on skin differentiation and cellular hornification, the modulation of the cutaneous immune response in various diseases and how this communication can be utilised to control various skin conditions.